EVALUATION OF 10-YEAR-OLD BATTERY PERFORMANCE USING MEASUREMENT DATA AT THE 150 KV JEPARA SUBSTATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30659/Keywords:
Battery, Substation, Performance, Discharge, Efficiency, Specific Gravity, VoltageAbstract
Batteries serve as a crucial backup direct current (DC) source in substations, especially during power outages (blackouts). The reliability and lifespan of these batteries are critical factors in ensuring the continuous operation of the system. This study analyzes the performance of 110 VDC NiCd (Nickel-Cadmium) alkaline batteries at the Jepara 150 kV Substation, which have been in operation for over 10 years. This research is relevant given that the replacement criteria for substation batteries typically range from 10-15 years.
This study employs a comparative method using discharging data collected in 2018 and 2020. The results show that while the battery's efficiency remains stable at 99.41%—which is still considered good and above the standard (>80%)—several key parameters have degraded. The battery is still capable of supplying the load for 16.9 hours. However, its specific gravity value has decreased to 1.1305 kg/l, which is below the standard (1.17-1.19 kg/l). Furthermore, the total battery voltage in 2020 was measured at 85.8 V, a drop of 2.1 V from 2018.
Further analysis found that this voltage drop was caused by the presence of "dropped" battery cells. In the 2018 discharge test, there were two cells with voltages below the minimum limit. This number increased to five cells in the 2020 test. If this condition is left unaddressed, it is predicted that the battery's voltage and efficiency will continue to decline in the coming years, which could impact the overall system reliability. Thus, although its efficiency remains good, the degradation of critical parameters such as specific gravity and cell voltage indicates that the battery's quality is beginning to decline.
References
[1] Anastasya Fitri Silvana, “Pengaruh Proses Pengosongan Terhadap Kapasitas Dan Efisiensi Baterai 110 VDC Di Gardu Induk Sungai Kedukan Palembang,” Univ. Brawijaya, vol. 11, no. 1 Indralaya, pp. 1–14, 2019.
[2] A. M. Rifa’i and Jatmiko, “Analisis Kebutuhan Kapasitas Baterai 110 Volt Dc Gardu Induk 150 Kv Bawen,” Univ. Muhammadiyah Surakarta, no. 1 Surakarta, pp. 1–13, 2019.
[3] Ibnu Salam, “Analisa Efisiensi Batere Komunikasi Pada Gardu Induk PT PLN (Persero) Region Jateng dan DIY UPT Kudus,” Univ. Negeri Semarang, no. 1 Semarang, pp. 1–76, 2007.
[4] P. P. Persero, Buku Pedoman Pemeliharaan Sistem Suplai Ac / Dc, no. 0520. Jakarta: PT PLN (Persero), 2014.
[5] M. S. Samhan, Teknologi Baterai. Yogyakarta: Issuu, 2018.
[6] M. A. Gielbert, “Perancangan, Pembuatan, dan Pengujian Modifikasi Model Caps Baterai Lead Acid dengan Sensor Level untuk Mengakomodasi Pengisian Air Aki Otomatis,” UMN, vol. 5, no. 2 Tanggerang, p. 83, 2021.
[7] I. N. Mufidah, “Estimasi State Of Charge Pada Baterai VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid) Dengan Metode Polynomial Regression,” Univ. jember, no. 1 Jember, pp. 68–74, 2019.
[8] Zainul Rahmawan, “Estimasi State of Charge ( Soc ) Pada Baterai Lead-Acid Dengan Menggunakan Metode Coulomb Counting Pada PV Hybrid,” ITS, no. 0 Surabaya, p. 123, 2018.
[9] A. Bayu, “STUDI KOMPARASI WICKING HEIGHT, WICKING RATE, DAN ACID ABSORPTION MEASUREMENT PADA SPESIMEN ABSORPTIVE GLASS MAT (AGM) VALVE-REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERY,” ITS, vol. 1, no. 1 Surabaya, pp. 1–23, 2017.
[10] N. Ricky Agned, “Studi Kapasitas Baterai 110 Vdc pada Gardu Induk 150 kV Bangkinang,” Jom FTEKNIK, vol. 3 No. 2, no. 1 Riau, pp. 1–9, 2014.
[11] P. P. Persero, SPLN T7.003 : 010 Operasi Dan Pemeliharaan Batere Gardu Induk. Jakarta, 2010.
[12] E. Nurtiasih, “Analisa Kapasitas Baterai Komunikasi Pada Gardu Induk 150 kV Bantul,” J. Elektr., vol. Volume 4 N, no. 1 Yogyakarta, pp. 46–53, 2017.
[13] A. Ramadhan, “Analisis Keandalan Baterai Sebagai Supply Motor Dc Penggerak Pms Di Gardu Induk 150 Kv Kentungan,” J. Elektr., vol. 5, no. 2 Yogyakarta, pp. 39–46, 2018.
[14] B. M. Syahrial, “Analisa Pengaruh Berat Jenis Dan Suhu Larutan Elektrolit Terhadap Tegangan Keluaran Dan Efisiensi Baterai Di Pt. Pln (Persero) Upk Bukit Asam,” Univ. Sriwij., vol. 52, no. 1 Indralaya, pp. 1–5, 2019.
[15] M. A. A. T. B. Yan, W. H. S. K. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. D. J. Li, "State-of-Charge Prediction Model for Ni-Cd Batteries Considering Temperature and Noise," Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 11, p. 6494, 2023.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Shofa, Muhammad Rizky Adi (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License. Articles in PULSE—JEIB are published open access under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. This permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original authors and the source, a link to the license is provided, and changes are indicated.
Copyright. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication. The publisher may archive and index the published version and its metadata in trusted services (e.g., Crossref, PKP PN/LOCKSS/CLOCKSS).
Fees. APC: no fee (no submission or processing charges).
